Dhive L1

Dhive is a scalable Proof-of-Stake blockchain that is fully compatible and interoperable with the Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM). It is built using the Cosmos SDK, which operates on top of the CometBFT (a fork of Tendermint Core) consensus engine, ensuring fast finality, high transaction throughput, and short block times (~2 seconds).

This architecture enables users to execute both Cosmos and EVM-formatted transactions, allows developers to scale EVM dApps cross-chain via IBC, and facilitates the integration of tokens and assets from diverse independent sources within the network.

Dhive achieves these capabilities through:

• Leveraging modules and mechanisms implemented by the Cosmos SDK.

• Implementing CometBFT's Application Blockchain Interface (ABCI) to manage blockchain operations.

• Utilizing Geth as a library to promote code reuse and improve maintainability.

• Exposing a fully compatible Web3 JSON-RPC layer for interaction with existing Ethereum clients and tools (Metamask, Remix, Truffle, etc.).

These features empower developers to leverage existing Ethereum ecosystem tools and software to seamlessly deploy smart contracts that interact with the broader Cosmos ecosystem.

Cosmos SDK

Dhive enables full composability and modularity of the Cosmos SDK. As a Cosmos chain, Dhive is a sovereign blockchain with its own native token, capable of connecting to other chains via IBC. It includes standard modules from the Cosmos SDK that function alongside Dhive-specific modules developed by its core development team. A comprehensive list of modules provides an overview of their respective responsibilities.

CometBFT & ABCI

CometBFT comprises two primary technical components: a blockchain consensus engine and a generic application interface. The consensus engine ensures that transactions are recorded identically on every node in the same order. The application interface, known as the Application Blockchain Interface (ABCI), facilitates transaction processing in any programming language.

CometBFT has evolved into a general-purpose blockchain consensus engine capable of hosting arbitrary application states. Since it can replicate arbitrary applications, it serves as a plug-and-play replacement for consensus engines in other blockchains. Dhive is an example of an ABCI application replacing Ethereum's Proof-of-Work (PoW) with CometBFT's consensus engine.

Another example of a cryptocurrency application utilizing CometBFT is the Cosmos network. CometBFT simplifies blockchain design by offering a straightforward API (i.e., the ABCI) between the application and consensus processes.

EVM Compatibility

Dhive ensures EVM compatibility by implementing various components that collectively support all EVM state transitions while maintaining the same developer experience as Ethereum:

• Ethereum's transaction format as a Cosmos SDK Tx and Msg interface.

• Ethereum's secp256k1 curve for the Cosmos Keyring.

• StateDB interface for state updates and queries.

• JSON-RPC client for interacting with the EVM.

Most components are implemented within the EVM module. However, to enhance the developer experience, certain components are implemented outside the module as well.